Basic Electrical Principles
Voltage, Current and Resistance
Ohm's Law and Power Calculations
AC and DC Fundamentals
Series and Parallel Circuits
Circuit Protection
Control Panel Components
Terminal Blocks and DIN Rails
Power Supplies
Indicator Lights and HMI Panels
Wire Ducts and Cable Management
Relays
Relay Construction and Operation
Normally Open, Normally Closed and Common
Electromechanical vs Solid State Relays
Time Delay Relays
Earthing and Grounding
Protective and Functional Earth
Bonding
Wiring Practices
Wire Sizing and Voltage Drop
Termination Methods
Shielding and Interference
Common Faults
Earth Faults and Insulation Breakdown
Loose Terminations and Coil Failures
Intermittent Connections
Floating Voltages
Fault Finding
Multimeter Use and Continuity Testing
Insulation Resistance Testing
Systematic Troubleshooting
Electrical Safety
Safe Isolation and Lock Out Tag Out
Working on Live Equipment