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| Line 6: |
Line 6: |
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| = Circuit Protection = | | = Circuit Protection = |
| == Fuses ==
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| == Circuit Breakers ==
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| = Control Panel Components = | | = Control Panel Components = |
| Line 19: |
Line 17: |
| == Relay Construction and Operation == | | == Relay Construction and Operation == |
| == Coil and Contact Ratings == | | == Coil and Contact Ratings == |
| | == Normally Open, Normally Closed and Common == |
| | == Wet, Dry and Voltage Free Contacts == |
| == Electromechanical vs Solid State Relays == | | == Electromechanical vs Solid State Relays == |
| == Time Delay Relays == | | == Time Delay Relays == |
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| = Contact Configurations =
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| == Normally Open and Normally Closed ==
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| == Common Terminal ==
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| == Changeover Contacts ==
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| = Contact Types =
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| == Wet and Dry Contacts ==
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| == Voltage Free Contacts ==
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| = Transistors in Control Systems =
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| == NPN and PNP Outputs ==
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| == Sinking and Sourcing ==
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| = Floating Voltages =
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| == Causes and Measurement ==
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| == Safety Considerations ==
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| = Transformers = | | = Transformers = |
| == Operating Principles ==
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| == Step Up and Step Down ==
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| == Isolation Transformers ==
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| == Sizing and VA Ratings ==
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| = Earthing and Grounding = | | = Earthing and Grounding = |
| == Protective and Functional Earth == | | == Protective and Functional Earth == |
| == Bonding == | | == Bonding == |
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| = Shielding and Interference =
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| == EMI and RFI Sources ==
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| == Cable Shielding and Separation ==
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| == Filtering and Suppression ==
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| = Wiring Practices = | | = Wiring Practices = |
| == Wire Sizing and Voltage Drop == | | == Wire Sizing and Voltage Drop == |
| == Termination Methods == | | == Termination Methods == |
| | == Shielding and Interference == |
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| = Common Faults = | | = Common Faults = |
| Line 62: |
Line 37: |
| == Loose Terminations and Coil Failures == | | == Loose Terminations and Coil Failures == |
| == Intermittent Connections == | | == Intermittent Connections == |
| | == Floating Voltages == |
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| = Fault Finding = | | = Fault Finding = |
Basic Electrical Principles
Voltage, Current and Resistance
Ohm's Law and Power Calculations
AC and DC Fundamentals
Series and Parallel Circuits
Circuit Protection
Control Panel Components
Terminal Blocks and DIN Rails
Power Supplies
Indicator Lights and HMI Panels
Wire Ducts and Cable Management
Relays
Relay Construction and Operation
Normally Open, Normally Closed and Common
Electromechanical vs Solid State Relays
Time Delay Relays
Earthing and Grounding
Protective and Functional Earth
Bonding
Wiring Practices
Wire Sizing and Voltage Drop
Termination Methods
Shielding and Interference
Common Faults
Earth Faults and Insulation Breakdown
Loose Terminations and Coil Failures
Intermittent Connections
Floating Voltages
Fault Finding
Multimeter Use and Continuity Testing
Insulation Resistance Testing
Systematic Troubleshooting
Electrical Safety
Safe Isolation and Lock Out Tag Out
Working on Live Equipment